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Abstract
India is a vast and populous country. The spectrum of childhood neurological disorders in India differs from the developed countries. Central nervous system infections like pyogenic meningitis, viral encephalitis, tuberculous meningitis, neurocysticercosis, rabies and cerebral malaria constitute important cause of neurological morbidity. Epilepsy, development delay, cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder are important non-infectious causes of neurologic disability. The load of these disorders is enormous. However, it is important that a significant proportion of these disorders are potentially preventable or treatable. With scarcity of child neurologists in India, child neurology as a sub-speciality of paediatrics is in its formative years. This review describes the brief overview of burden of some important childhood neurological disorders and status of child neurology in India.
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Copyright (c) 2017 Jitendra Sahu
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References
Amudhan S, Gururaj G, Satishchandra P. Epilepsy in India I: Epidemiology and public health. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2015;18(3):263–77.
2. Pandey S, Singhi P, Bharti B. Prevalence and treatment gap in childhood epilepsy in a north Indian city: a community-based study. J Trop Pediatr. 2014;60(2):118–23.
3. Singhi P. Infectious causes of seizures and epilepsy in the developing world. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(7):600–9.
4. Arya R, Gulati S, Kabra M, Sahu JK, Kalra V. Folic acid supplementation prevents phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in children. Neurology. 2011;76(15):1338–43.
5. Bansal A, Singhi SC, Singhi PD, Khandelwal N, Ramesh S. Non traumatic coma. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72(6):467–73.
6. Singhi SC, Gupta M, Kumar D, Kumar R. Outcome of meningitis among children less than 2-y-old in Haryana. Indian J Pediatr. 2012;79(12):1651–3.
7. Sharma S, Mishra D, Aneja S, Kumar R, Jain A, Vashishtha VM, et al. Consensus guidelines on evaluation and management of suspected acute viral encephalitis in children in India. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49(11):897–910.
8. Prasad K, Sahu JK. Duration of anti-tubercular treatment in tuberculous meningitis: challenges and opportunity. Neurol India. 2010;58(5):723–6.
9. Singhi P, Ray M, Singhi S, Khandelwal N. Clinical spectrum of 500 children with neurocysticercosis and response to albendazole therapy. J Child Neurol. 2000;15(4):207–13.
10. Singhi P, Suthar R. Neurocysticercosis. Indian J Pediatr. 2015;82(2):166–71.
11. Kumar R, Bhave A, Bhargava R, Agarwal GG. Prevalence and risk factors for neurological disorders in children aged 6 months to 2 years in northern India. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(4):348–56.
12. Gupta A, Sahu JK, Gupta A, Malhi P, Khandelwal N, Singhi P. Clinical Profile of Children with Malformations of Cortical Development. Indian J Pediatr. 2015;82(7):591–4.
13. Singhi P, Saini AG. Changes in the clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy over two decades in North India--an analysis of 1212 cases. J Trop Pediatr. 2013;59(6):434–40.
14. Singhi PD, Goyal L, Pershad D, Singhi S, Walia BN. Psychosocial problems in families of disabled children. Br J Med Psychol. 1990;63:173–82.
15. Suthar R, Saini AG, Sankhyan N, Sahu JK, Singhi P. Childhood Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. Indian J Pediatr. 2016; Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print].
16. Singhi PD, Ray M, Singhi S, Kumar Khandelwal N. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in North Indian children: clinical profile and follow-up. J Child Neurol. 2006;21(10):851–7.
17. Kalra V, Chaudhry R, Dua T, Dhawan B, Sahu JK, Mridula B. Association of Campylobacter jejuni infection with childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case-control study. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(6):664–8.
18. Kalra V, Sahu JK, Bedi P, Pandey RM. Blood lead levels among school children after phasing-out of leaded petrol in Delhi, India. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;80(8):636–40.
19. Evens A, Hryhorczuk D, Lanphear BP, Rankin KM, Lewis DA, Forst L, et al. The impact of low-level lead toxicity on school performance among children in the Chicago Public Schools: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source. 2015;14:21.
20. Singhi PD, Singhi S. Survey of Pediatric Neurology in India. In: Velickovic PM, ed. New developments in child Neurology. Italy,1998; 761-766.
References
Amudhan S, Gururaj G, Satishchandra P. Epilepsy in India I: Epidemiology and public health. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2015;18(3):263–77.
2. Pandey S, Singhi P, Bharti B. Prevalence and treatment gap in childhood epilepsy in a north Indian city: a community-based study. J Trop Pediatr. 2014;60(2):118–23.
3. Singhi P. Infectious causes of seizures and epilepsy in the developing world. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(7):600–9.
4. Arya R, Gulati S, Kabra M, Sahu JK, Kalra V. Folic acid supplementation prevents phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in children. Neurology. 2011;76(15):1338–43.
5. Bansal A, Singhi SC, Singhi PD, Khandelwal N, Ramesh S. Non traumatic coma. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72(6):467–73.
6. Singhi SC, Gupta M, Kumar D, Kumar R. Outcome of meningitis among children less than 2-y-old in Haryana. Indian J Pediatr. 2012;79(12):1651–3.
7. Sharma S, Mishra D, Aneja S, Kumar R, Jain A, Vashishtha VM, et al. Consensus guidelines on evaluation and management of suspected acute viral encephalitis in children in India. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49(11):897–910.
8. Prasad K, Sahu JK. Duration of anti-tubercular treatment in tuberculous meningitis: challenges and opportunity. Neurol India. 2010;58(5):723–6.
9. Singhi P, Ray M, Singhi S, Khandelwal N. Clinical spectrum of 500 children with neurocysticercosis and response to albendazole therapy. J Child Neurol. 2000;15(4):207–13.
10. Singhi P, Suthar R. Neurocysticercosis. Indian J Pediatr. 2015;82(2):166–71.
11. Kumar R, Bhave A, Bhargava R, Agarwal GG. Prevalence and risk factors for neurological disorders in children aged 6 months to 2 years in northern India. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(4):348–56.
12. Gupta A, Sahu JK, Gupta A, Malhi P, Khandelwal N, Singhi P. Clinical Profile of Children with Malformations of Cortical Development. Indian J Pediatr. 2015;82(7):591–4.
13. Singhi P, Saini AG. Changes in the clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy over two decades in North India--an analysis of 1212 cases. J Trop Pediatr. 2013;59(6):434–40.
14. Singhi PD, Goyal L, Pershad D, Singhi S, Walia BN. Psychosocial problems in families of disabled children. Br J Med Psychol. 1990;63:173–82.
15. Suthar R, Saini AG, Sankhyan N, Sahu JK, Singhi P. Childhood Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. Indian J Pediatr. 2016; Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print].
16. Singhi PD, Ray M, Singhi S, Kumar Khandelwal N. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in North Indian children: clinical profile and follow-up. J Child Neurol. 2006;21(10):851–7.
17. Kalra V, Chaudhry R, Dua T, Dhawan B, Sahu JK, Mridula B. Association of Campylobacter jejuni infection with childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case-control study. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(6):664–8.
18. Kalra V, Sahu JK, Bedi P, Pandey RM. Blood lead levels among school children after phasing-out of leaded petrol in Delhi, India. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;80(8):636–40.
19. Evens A, Hryhorczuk D, Lanphear BP, Rankin KM, Lewis DA, Forst L, et al. The impact of low-level lead toxicity on school performance among children in the Chicago Public Schools: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source. 2015;14:21.
20. Singhi PD, Singhi S. Survey of Pediatric Neurology in India. In: Velickovic PM, ed. New developments in child Neurology. Italy,1998; 761-766.