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Abstract
Febrile encephalopathy can be due to various causes that vary according to the local epidemiology and season. The critical window for diagnosis and effective intervention is often short. The basic principles of management include; the initial assessment and stabilization, focussed clinical evaluation and neurological assessment. Management include general and specific measures. Raised intracranial pressure, seizures and hemodynamic instability must be managed urgently and appropriately, since the diagnosis or specific etiology is not immediately apparent, empiric therapy based on local disease prevalence is initiated. A more specific management can be followed after a diagnosis is established or is reasonably certain.
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Copyright (c) 2018 Pratibha Singhi, Naveen Sankhyan
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References
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References
Armstrong D, Wong B. Central nervous system infections in immunocompromised hosts. Annu Rev Med.1892, 33: 293–308.
Roos KL. Infectious etiologies of altered consciousness. In. Disorders of consciousness. 3rd series. Edited by Young GB & Wijdicks EFM 2008: 201-216 [Series Editor: Young GB & Wijdicks EFM, Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 90.
Murthy SNK, Faden HS, Cohen ME, Bakshi R. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children. Pediatrics. 2002; 110: e21.
Brazis PW, Masdeu JC, Biller J. Coma. In. Localization in clinical neurology,4th Edition, Edited by Brazis PW, Masdeu JC, Biller J eds., 4th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; Philadelphia, 2001: 559-586.
Taylor DA, Ashwal S. Impairment of consciousness and coma. In. Pediatric Neurology: Principles and Practice, 4th edition. Edited by Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM. Elsevier publications; Philadelphia 2006: 1379-1400.
Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM, Whitley RJ. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis.2004 30: 1267–1284.
Kastrup O,Wanke I, Maschke M. Neuroimaging of Infections of the Central Nervous System. Sem Neurol. 2008;28:511-522
Domingues RB, Fink MC, Tsanaclis AM, de Castro CC, Cerri GG, Mayo MS, Lakeman FD. Diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis by magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction assay of cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol Sci.1998; 157: 148-53.
Maschke M, Kastrup O, Forsting M, Diener HC. Update on neuroimaging in infectious central nervous system disease. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;17:475–480
Shen WC, Chiu HH, Chow KC, Tsai CH. MR imaging findings of enteroviral encephalomyelitis: an outbreak in Taiwan. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.1999;20:1889–1895
Misra UK, Kalita J. A comparative study of Japanese and herpes simplex encephalitides. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol.1998; 38: 41-46.
Tiegea XD, Rozenbergb F, Heron B. The spectrum of herpes simplex encephalitis in children. Eur J Pediatr Neurol . 2008;12: 72 – 81