@article{Akhter_Shefa_Mannan_2021, title={EEG changes and their relationship with intellectual disability in children with autism spectrum disorders in a tertiary care hospital}, volume={1}, url={https://jicna.org/index.php/journal/article/view/205}, DOI={10.17724/jicna.2021.205}, abstractNote={<p><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Background:</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Autism in children is frequently associated with Intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy.</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">It is known that lower IQ</span><br role="presentation" /><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">influences</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">epilepsy</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">rates;</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">however,</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">electroencephalographic</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">(EEG)</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">findings</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">in</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">different</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">grades</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">of</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">intellectual</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">functioning</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">are</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">less </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">well</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">studied.</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Objectives:</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">This</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">study</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">aimed</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">to</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">evaluate</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">the</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">EEG</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">findings</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">and</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">their</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">association</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">with</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">the</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">degrees</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">of</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">ID</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">in</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">children </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">with autism.</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Methods:</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Fifty-two children, diagnosed with autism according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, aged between 2 to 12 years, </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">were included in the study. Participants were recruited from outpatient clinic in the Institute for Paediatric Neurodisorder and Autism </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">(IPNA) in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">All of them were subjected to physical </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">and neurological examination. Intelligence quotients (IQ) were measured in all the participants. Psychometric tests Bayley Scales of </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Infant and Toddler Development, Third edition (BSID III) or Weschler Intelligence Scale for Patients-Revised (WISC-R) were used </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">for evaluating IQ. EEG recordings were done in all the participants.</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Results:</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">The frequency of EEG abnormalities were observed in </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">51.9% participants.</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Among these abnormalities, 36.5% were epileptiform and 15.4% were non-epileptiform.</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Majority of the focal </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">discharges, in this study were from temporal and frontal ((50% and 40% of focal discharge). Among generalized abnormalities, 89% </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">were symmetrical spike-wave complexes. EEG abnormalities were associated with epilepsy in 66.7% of participants. ID was present </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">in 84.6% and of them, 77% had moderate to severe ID. Mild, moderate or severe ID did not show significant association with EEG </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">abnormalities (p>0.05). However, patients with moderate to severe ID (IQ <50) had a higher rate of EEG abnormalities compared to </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">those without ID or mild ID (81.5% versus 18.5%) (P=0.03).</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Conclusion:</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation">Relatively large number of children with autism and ID </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation">had EEG abnormalities and there was a significant association with moderate to severe ID (IQ <50) and EEG abnormalities.</span></p>}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the International Child Neurology Association}, author={Akhter, Shaheen and Shefa, Jannatara and Mannan, Muzharul}, year={2021}, month={Dec.} }